The+Ninth+Crusade+(Final+Draft)


 * The Ninth Crusade **

Battle of Ain Jalut in 1260. the fall of Antioch (1268), Tripoli (1289), and Acre (1291) King Edward I of England launches the Ninth Crusade against Mamluks sultan Baibars.-1271 Thomas Agni of Cosenza becomes the Latin patriarch of Jerusalem in 1271. Edward returns home to England when he hears that his father Henry III has died. in 1272 Marco Polo sets off to visit the court of Kublai Khan (grandson of Genghis Khan). in 1271 August 19th, 1274: Prince Edward of England becomes King 1259- King Edward supports the provisions of Oxford Edward takes the crusader's cross with brother Edmund and cousin Henry of Almain on June 24th, 1268. 1272- A truce between acre and the sultan 1268- Baibars captures Antioch



__King Edward I of England__, or birth name, Edward Longshanks, was born on June 17th, 1239 and died on July 7th, 1307. He was involved in politics from an early age. In the 1260's, Prince Edward was held hostage by the //Barons//. He was able to escape after months. After the rebellion, Edward I left on a crusade known as the ninth crusade. He returned home a year later to learn that his father, Henry III had passed away. Prince Edward became king on August 19th.

__Edmund Longshanks__ was born in London and was the younger brother of Edward I. Edmund was married twice. He first married Lady Aveline de Forz in 1269 and then to Blanche of Artois in 1775. In 1271 he accompanied his brother Edward on the Ninth Crusade to Palestine. Edmund recieved the nickname ‘crouchback’ because he carried a cross on his back. Edward, his brother Edmund and cousin Almain took the crusader's cross in an //elaborate// ceremony on 1268.

__Louis IX of France__ is also known as Saint Louis. He was born April 25, 1213 and died on August 25, 1270. In 1226, he was crowned king of France. Being that he was a relative of Hugh Capet, he was a member of //House of Capet//. He led the Seventh Crusade and Eighth Crusade but died during the Eighth. During the battle of Fariskur he lost his army and was captured by Egyptians and was taken prisoner. The price of his release was a large //ransom// and the surrender Damietta. Later in life, Louis IX ended up in Tunisia and that is where he died. Many places are named after St. Louis. __Baibars__ was the Mamluks leader of Egypt. He was also one of the commanders who defeated Louis IX during the seventh crusade. As a military leader he had accomplished many military achievements. In his homeland Egypt he built canals, improved harbors, and established a postal service between Cairo and Damascus.

__Charles of Anjou__ was born March 21, 1226 and died January 7, 1285. Charles of Anjou is also known as Charles I of Naples. He was the king of Sicily, Naples and Albania. In 1282, he was //expelled// from the island of Sicily in the aftermath of the Sicilian Vespers. He took part in the 7th, 8th, and 9th crusades.

The significance of the ninth crusade was the same like any other crusade; it was the battle for the “Holy Land” known as Jerusalem. Often linked to the eighth crusade, the ninth crusade was launched by King Edward in 1271. He sent out his Christian army to take Jerusalem from the Muslims.

In 1271, after accompanying Louis IX of France on the 8th crusade, King Edward I of England undertook another expedition against Baibars after Louis' death in Tunisia. The crusaders relied on their franco-mongol alliance in their later years for help with fighting the Egyptian Mamluks. Edward succeeded in capturing Nazareth, and in convincing the sultan of Egypt to agree to a treaty during the Last Crusade Together, the Mamluks and the Baibars got rid of all of the Franks in the Middle East. The Christians who hadn't left their cities were killed or became slaves. The Ninth Crusade ended in the following year, year 1272.

__Barons__: a group of English rebels __Elaborate__: complex; complicated __House of Capet__: House of Capet, or The Capets, ruled the Kingdom of France __Ransom__: the redemption of a prisoner, slave, or kidnapped person, ofcaptured goods, etc., for a price. __Expell:__ to drive or [|force] out or away
 * Vocabulary Terms:**

__**Bibliography**__

@http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/crusades-timeline.htm

@http://www.history-timelines.org.uk/events-timelines/22-the-crusades-timeline.htm

Joseph R. Strayer, __Dictionary of the Middle Ages__ (Simon & Schuster Macmillan, 1989) 54

Jacob E. Safra __The New Encyclopedia Britannica__ (Encyclopedia Britannica, Inc.) 834-836