The+Crusades+-+1st+Crusade

The First Crusade
by Jason Brisman Emile Hen Sean Plundeke Jackie Muller Josh Levit

=Key people = = = ** Alexius I ** - He was a Byzantine emperor; his land was being attacked by the Muslim Turks and requested help from Pope Urban II and his Christian knights. Putting aside the differences between the Byzantine emperors and the Pope Urban II agrees the help.   ** Urban II- ** He was a pope. He believed that they needed to save the Holy land from the Turks. Emperor Alexius of byzantine asked him for help. In response to their call for help he spoke to the Council of Clemont of France in 1095. In conclusion they declared the crusade against the Muslims or as he called infidels. The goal in all this was to take back Jerusalem and restore Christian faith. He made Bishop Adbenar a leader. He also gave inspirational speeches that influenced many followers. "Christians, hasten to help your brothers in the East, for they are being attacked. Arm for the rescue of Jerusalem under your captain Christ. Wear his cross as your badge. If you are killed your sins will be pardoned." 

 ** Monk Fulcher ** - wrote about the attack on the holy city, he was also a witness to the attack.

 ** Count Raymond ** - He was from Toulouse, he was an old man by the time of the first crusade (55 years old) and he was a good warrior from all the encounters with the Muslims. Toulouse was one of the more wealthy countries at the time and he controlled the largest force out of all the crusaders.   ** Godfrey ** - He was a very experienced warrior who fought in many battles other than the crusades. He fought for Alexius I of Byzantine during the Crusade. By the time he got to Jerusalem in 1099 he and his army had already fought all across Europe. After he conquered Jerusalem successfully he was named ruler although he would not accept the crown. He died of an illness leaving the leadership position open to his brother Baldwin who did consider himself king. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman',times,serif; font-size: 16px;">

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> ** Peter the hermit ** - He was a monk from France, he traveled from city to city preaching his beliefs. He commanded his own group during the people’s crusade. He joined up with Godfrey and his much disciplined army, peters wasn’t. They fought a big battle against the Persians and Turks, by the end peter won the battle. He was there when Godfrey took Jerusalem and chose to not be named “king” but take office.

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<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> ** Walter the pennyless ** - He was a commander in the people crusade. He was a knight sworn to poverty. His army started with only 8 strong warriors, but soon grew in number to several thousand.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> ** Salah al-din ** - Muslim leader, known as Saladin. He created the Ayyubid dynasty of Egypt and Syria. He was famous for capturing Jerusalem from the crusaders. He was able to conquer Damascus, alleppo and Iraq. He also unified Egypt and Baghdad. He gained control of Jerusalem in three months of fighting.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> **Vocab**
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Charles Martel**- a Frankish military and political leader, also known as Charles the Hammer who rallied the Frankish troops warriors when a Muslim army crossed into France.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Charlemagne**- Son of Charles Martel, was asked by Pope Leo III to help against rebellious nobles in Rome
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Infidel**-one who has no religious beliefs
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Franks**-a group of Germanic tribes
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Walter the Penniless**- a pious knight sworn to poverty, he was a lieutenant under Peter the Hermit and he co-led the People's Crusade at the beginning of the First Crusade.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Knight**- mounted warrior
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Chivalry**- code of conduct adopted by knights
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Pope**- bishop of Rome, chief of entire Christian church, peoples’ connection to god
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Priest**- clergyman
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Bishop**- leaders of the church
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Christian Byzantine Empire**-the empire that emerged in the east after the Roman Empire was split into an eastern and western half.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Papal Indulgence**- promised the immediate remission of all sins of any who participated in the expedition to attack the Muslims
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Clerics**- members of the clergy who were sharply divided on the issue of whether the war was morally justified

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">Important Events of the First Crusade
<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 16px;"> The first crusade started in 1096 and ended in 1099. The Siege of Antioch was the first major event in the first crusade. Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, and Tancred were some of the main leaders of the first crusade and the three made up “the mirror of knighthood”. Crusaders first captured the Turkish capital of Nicaea. After the capturing of Nicaea the crusaders went to Asia Minor for Syria. Arrived at Antioch and survivors captured Syria and then to Jerusalem.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: 16px;"> The next major event was the pursuit to the city of Jerusalem. Lowered to about 25% of there starting army of Crusaders they still pursued to Jerusalem. Overjoyed to see the city and began to celebrate with the singing and kissing the ground on which they stood. Crusaders remove their shoes and helmets while proceeding with Peter the Hermit, and then surround the walls of Jerusalem with no sign of assault.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'times new roman',serif; font-size: 16px;"> The last major event of the first crusade was capture of Jerusalem. Soldiers that were Infidels and Moslems suppressed first attack made by the crusaders. The second attack was successful. By July of 1099 the Crusaders had captured the city of Jerusalem. Once the crusaders breach the walls of the city they slaughtered all infidels with no mercy. Seven days of slaughtering continued after the seizing of Jerusalem. After, barely any followers of the Moslem faith are left. Christians then had seized property from Moslems and Infidels.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> The people’s crusade is significant because it is the first crusade. It starts off the 7 main crusades. The first crusade sparks the killing of Jews, Muslims, and Infidels who the church highly despised.

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;"> The first crusade is important to the time period because new religions were coming into Europe and the Christians killed anyone who didn’t believe in Christianity. So Christianity grew very rapidly, because anyone who was alive was Christian. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 16px;">

<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri,sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> [[http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-first-crusade.htm|http://www.middle-ages.org.uk/the-first-crusade.htm